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(A) Morphological characteristics of deciduous trees, up to 6-10 meters, round crown, tender leaves and buds are pilose, branchlets glabrous, single leaves alternate, obovate, base wide cuneate, entire. Flowers open, leaves open, hairs open, pink, simple at branch top, larger, slightly aromatic, perianth 9 outer, 3 rounds shallow, inner 2 round, spatulate, stamens numerous, carpels numerous, dissociate Ovary 1 room, polymeric fruit, cylindrical, pale brown, cracking at maturity, red seeds. Flowering from February to February, fruiting from June to September.
(b) Growth habits prefer warm, humid weather and abundant sunshine. They are slightly hardy and drought-tolerant. They are born in plains and hilly valleys with an elevation of 200 meters or more. They have strong resistance to stress, and they grow well on acidic or slightly acidic soils. Seedlings are afraid of light. The seed has a dormancy feature, which requires a low-temperature sand trap for 4 months to break the dormancy. The seed germination rate of the low-temperature treatment is more than 80%. Each year, the seedlings fall into the fall, and the second year of the spring takes the latter part. Seedlings are born 8-10 years old and grafted seedlings are born 2-3 years old.
(III) Cultivation Technology
1. According to the characteristics of its growing habits, the cultivation and soil preparation sites should adopt a weak, warm and moist environment. The soil is loose and fertile, and the well-drained sandy loam is better. Tillage is about 30 centimeters, and sufficient decomposed compost is used. Fine, make a width of about 1.5 meters. Planting sites should be selected sunny sunny slopes, or sporadic cultivation behind the house, the best large-scale cultivation into pieces for management. Before planting, plough deep into the fields, apply enough base fertilizer, and build ditches to facilitate irrigation and drainage.
2. Propagation methods are mainly seed-producing, but grafting is the most economical.
(1) Seed breeding 1 Seedlings The seed of the robust plant was selected as the parent seed. The mature seeds and coarse sand collected in the middle and early September were mixed and kneaded repeatedly to remove the red oil layer and rinsed with clean water. After mixing, the wet sand is treated at a low temperature, and the leeward sunny place is generally selected. Dig the ground and mix 2-3 times the amount of fine sand and grass to moisturize. Regularly check and keep it moist. When the seed is cracked and exposed, timely sowing of the nursery bed can be done. 30cm row spacing ditch, ditch depth 3cm, a little soil after sowing, keep moist for about 1 month to emerge, pay attention to prevent stagnation and mildew in the sand.
2 After transplanting for 2 years, the seedlings can be transplanted when the seedling height is 80-100 cm, and the seedlings are planted along with them.
(2) Grafting can be grafted throughout the growing season, but the survival rate of grafting is the highest in late May, and the budding method is used in many producing areas. Scions should be selected well-growth, strong growth, buds were dormant, pest-free branches, with an annual scion as well, the rootstock and scion should be equal in thickness. Select the sunny weather, no wind or breeze grafting in the afternoon, when grafting will be inserted into the rootstock incision buds, so that buds and rootstock skin tightly, with a rope tied, half a month to emerge.
(3) Cut and raise seedlings. Select branches of more than two years old, cut into about 60 centimeters, remove leaves, in summer and rainy days, cuttings in moist seedbeds, people 20-30 cm, compaction watering, can survive, transplantable in the following year .
3. Field management (l) Several years after cultivating and weeding, we should plough and weed in the summer and winter, and cultivate the soil at the base to remove the sprouts.
(2) Fertilizers are applied in the mid-February to apply 2,000 kg of farmyard manure and 100 kg of superphosphate compounded fertilizer per acre to open the hole next to the plant. Summer topping and winter should also be applied. Suitable for farming manure.
(3) Plastic pruning Magnolia saplings grow vigorously and must be trimmed in time, otherwise they may cause canopy closure, poor internal ventilation and light transmission, affecting flower bud formation, and when the planting seedlings are high l-1.5 m, they will be topping and the backbone base will retain 3-5 pieces. Main branches, to avoid overlapping, in order to make full use of the sun, the main branch of the base should be kept about 20 cm away from the main trunk, which is conducive to dwarfing the crown, easy for picking, leaving the top shoots for each main branch, leaving about 25 cm for the lateral branches, retaining medium and short squid branches, Hit the long branches that are growing vigorously, the crowns are all umbrellas, and the internal ventilation is good. In order to produce new fruit branches in the following year, it is appropriate to pick up the hearts in mid-August.
4. Pest control (1) Rhizoctonia occurs easily during the rainy season from April to June. It damages the seedlings and rots at the base. Control methods: 1 seedbed formation, good drainage; 2 soil disinfection treatment, 15-20 kg of ferrous sulfate per mu can be used, finely sifted, evenly spread on the surface; 3 remove the diseased plants, immediately burned.
(2) Insect pests have larvae, earthworms, and other damage to the tender stems, can be used 2.5% trichlorfon powder mixed baits to kill, the growth phase of the main moth, moth moth, etc., can be controlled by conventional methods.
(D) Harvesting and processing In the month of December, the buds that were opened at the end of the harvest were collected, and the stems were removed to remove impurities. When the stalls were dried until they were half dry, they were collected for l-2 days to make them perspire, and then dried to dryness. Serve goods, in case of rainy days, can be baked at low temperature, with dry, bud complete, close meat, rich aroma is better.
Magnolia Cultivation Technology
Magnolia is a dry bud of Magnolia biondii Pamp. Warm sex. There are effects such as nasal discharge, cold wind, and toothache. The main production of Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Anhui, Sichuan, Gansu and other places also have cultivation.