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2. Method of reproduction
(1) Seed Propagation The vast majority of azaleas can be seeded and hard-seeds only. The mature period of the general seed is from October to January of each year. When the peel turns from green to yellow to brown, the top of the fruit is cracked and the seeds begin to fall. At this time, the seeds must be harvested at any time. The end of the cracking browning are down, cool in the indoor ventilation, cooling, so that natural cracking, and then remove the impurities such as fruit shells, into a paper bag or cloth bag, kept in a cool ventilated place. If there are greenhouse conditions, the germination rate will increase with harvesting. General sowing time 3-4 months, the use of pot sowing, because the seeds are small, wash outside the basin, dried in the sun, sterilization, disinfection and disinfection of the soil, the pot to be good permeability, moist Fertile organic soil rich in acidic soil. In order to produce even seedlings, the seeds were mixed with fine soil, and a thin layer of fine soil was placed on top of the pots. Water was poured into the pots using a hydrophobic method. The pots were placed on the front sill and covered with a layer of glass or plastic film. The purpose was to Increase the basin temperature. After the seedlings have been unearthed, the coverage time is gradually reduced, because the seedlings are tender and small, attention to temperature changes, sudden changes in height, strong light exposure. Seedling grows very slowly, only 2-3 true leaves grow from May to June. At this time, the first transplanting is done in the room, the spacing is 2-3cm, the height of the seedling is 2-3cm (about November), and the big seedling moves. One planted in 10cm pots and three plantlets. Use a watering can and water. The spring of the second year after sowing was planted in a greenhouse and kept under shade. For 13.3 cm pots in June, the third year of the plant was 20 cm high, and several branches and buds were also present. For 16.7 cm pots, the pots were changed year by year according to the size of the plants.
(2) Cuttings and cuttings are the most common methods of azaleas propagation. Except that a few can't be rooted, using cuttings can survive, be easy to collect, and be easy to operate. It can retain the excellent characteristics of varieties. Can be cut in a year, the best time from May to June, followed by August to September. However, due to the variety, the time varies, Xiqiao from late May to early June, raccoon in early June, and from east to late June.
The choice of cuttings: The cuttings can be grown robustly, without pests and diseases. The new shoots, semi-ripe shoots, and lignification that were grown during the year are best. The top branches around the crown are the best. In principle, the mother plant has 3 new shoots. One for cuttings, five for two cuttings, lengths of 5-7cm for the West, 6-8cm for the East and Summer, 8-10cm for the hair, and the long shoots can be truncated and the lower leaves removed. , leaving 4-5 leaflets on top, with mining plug.
Pot inserting method: wash and disinfect pots, install potted soil, install coarse grain soil on the bottom 1/3 base; install 2/3 fine soil, punch holes, insert the cuttings into 1/2-1/3, spacing 3cm, use fine Hole watering pot pouring water.
The method of intercalation is to surround the wall with a height of 15-20cm and a width of 80-l00cm with a brick, fill in coarse grain soil inside, and use fine soil.
Potted plug. Both of the above methods should be under half-negative conditions. Shelving sheds, to prevent side sun, hanging curtains, air humidity at 85%, pay attention to the management of water, always keep cuttings fresh, can not afford to leave the leaves, so that one month can take root.
(3) Grafting and breeding 1 It is more troublesome to rely on the connection, and the shape after appearance is not so beautiful. The large-area production is not suitable. The method is: in the growing season, choose the scion and rootstock, in the appropriate parts, smooth without knots, cut a knife, cut noodles 3-4cm long, deep and xylem. Lay the two in a layered alignment and secure them in plastic bags. Heal the wounds in 4-5 months. Cut off the scions and separate them from the mother. Cut off the rootstock interface to make it an independent plant. The law survived with certainty and soon became a tree, and the effect was quick. If you are not alive, there will be little loss to the plants.
2 The twigs and twigs are often planted in May-June. Plants thrive, scion resources are abundant, old and tender are moderate, healing is rapid, and the survival rate is as high as 90% or more. Rootstock selection, cutting 2 years of ranunculus, at the end of bifurcation, scion selection of high ornamental value, 3cm long scion without pests, leaving 3-4 pieces of leaves, the lower leaves are removed, cut into wedge shape 0.5- Lcm, cut 2-3cm at the base of the new rootstock, cut a knife in the center, deeper than the cutting surface. Insert the scion so that one side or both sides form an anastomosis between the two. Secure the bag with a plastic bag, put the scion and connector on the plastic bag, and wrap the transparent bag under the connector to prevent rain and maintain the temperature. Usually maintain the temperature in the bag to prevent direct sunlight, give point fertilizer, cut off the sprouts of the rootstock in time, survive after 2 months to remove the bag.
3 The twigs are connected abdomen to the abdomen from mid-May to the end of the month. The rootstocks are still taken as rootstocks. They are chamfered to the xylem at 6-7cm at the base and are 0.5-lcm long. The requirements for the scion are the same as those for the scion, but the front one is shorter than the other. , The long side is inserted on the inside, short outwards, covered with good cuts, forming a layered alignment, tie the bag, set the dry place.
(4) Batten propagation Batten propagation is mostly carried out between May and June. There are two methods: one is a high air pressure strip, and the other is a low pressure ballast method.
1 Select the 2-3-year-old shoots at the height of the bead. In appropriate places, cut an annular ring, deep to the xylem, with a width of 0.5cm, remove the skin, then make a good bamboo tube, length 8cm, diameter 2-3cm, one side With knots, split from the middle, the diameter of the plant diameter at the festival, dug a semi-circular hole, two semi-circular bamboo sleeves at the cut mouth. The tube is filled with acid soil and watered to keep the soil in the tube moist. After 3 months, many fibrous roots grow inside. The saplings can be cut off from the mother plant and cultivated in pots.
2 Low-pressure reproduction Low-pressure propagation is the use of ground shoots of rhododendron shoots, in the appropriate parts, cut into a ring, remove the skin, buried in the soil, 3 days after the water, keep the soil moist, 3 months later, found that grow fibrous roots, Separated from the mother strain, potted.
3. Field management
(1) Soil treatment At present, the ornamental rhododendrons are mainly potted plants, and this method is conducive to satisfying the ecological conditions of different species. In terms of cultivation, the requirements of the soil are mainly acidic soils, and the pH must be 6 or less. Regardless of any kind of soil, before the cultivation, the soil needs to be disinfected, fully decomposed, fermented, alternately treated at high and low temperatures, and after one year Can be used. The best soil is forest humus soil, pine needle soil prepared by oneself, litter, plus a small amount of horse dung, sheep manure, 1/3 fertile soil after picking up, or soil under the roots. Cake, human waste, pig manure, chicken duck dung, calcium superphosphate, etc., plus 1/3 sandy loam, Huangshan soil, rot leaf soil (litter, add manure) followed by.
(2) Before transplanting the pots and changing the pots, the pots have no water holes, cross covers with a few pieces of tile, fill a layer of coarse-grained soil, fill in fine soil every other year, and plant a seedling in the middle of the pot to make the roots Stretch, add soil to the roots of the pot, compaction, and shake the pot to level the soil. Spray fine, until the potted water dripping, after 7-10 days of the vanishing stage, before and after the release of the house, should be placed in the greenhouse half shade.
Changing the basin is because the plants grow up, can not meet the ecological conditions, to change the new culture soil, remove the plants from the old pot out some shrink soil, so that the surrounding roots spread out, and cut off the root cause, operation ibid. Usually 2-3 years. The large plants are 3-5 years old, and they can be used for technical measures such as topdressing, and they can be applied to the space of azaleas to maintain a relative humidity of 70% or more.
(3) Watering Azalea Water is best for rainwater, river water, lake water, pond water, and fish farming water. Alkaline, well and tap water are prohibited. It is really necessary to use a similar treatment to the temperature of the well water and the temperature of the air. The tap water must be dechlorinated and released for several days. Alkaline water plus sulfuric acid to adjust the pH. The amount of watering should be different according to different stages of growth, and the period of dormancy should be less. In the November-February period in the south of the Yangtze River, the rhododendron blooms in March-June, and it needs to be poured more and more vigorously. The water is poured once a day on a sunny day, and the water is replenished in some evenings. During the rainy season, attention is paid to drainage. From July to August, inspections have to be made every time. The basins must be watered. The blades spray water, water in the morning in the winter, water in the morning in the summer, and water can be poured in the spring and autumn except at noon. In greenhouses that are heated indoors, they are poured 2-3 days, once in 4-5 days without warming, and in late February, the temperature rises, flower buds begin to swell, leaf buds sprout, and the amount of water increases.
(4) Fertilization and fertilization include basal fertilizer, long-acting hooves, nail clips, bone powder, cake fertilizer, and manure, etc., and be mixed with the soil when used in the upper basin or changing basin. Manure and chemical fertilizers and fast-acting fertilizers are used for fertilizing. Rhododendron needs different fertilizers at different growth stages. Phosphate fertilizer applied before flowering, to promote flowering, large flowers, petals, thick, good color, long flowering period, once in 10 days, applied 2-3 times. Stop fertilizing during flowering. After flowering, in order to restore the tree vigor and promote long-stemming leaves and nitrogen fertilizer, the growth is stopped during the high temperature season (July-August), and it is not easy to fertilize. Before entering the room in the middle of the fall, it was during the bud stage, and more phosphorus fertilizer was applied. Once in 7-10 days, fertilization was stopped during the winter dormancy period.
Principles for fertilization should be mastered: Fertilizer must be fully decomposed, diligently applied thin fertilizer, and the fertilizer should not be applied to the leaves. When sunny, the pot soil should be dry, and the evening water should be applied the next morning.
(5) Pruning In order to maintain the beautiful appearance of the azalea tree, annual branches, buds, buds and buds must be trimmed. When the azalea tree grows to a certain height, the top buds are removed and the height and germination side branches are controlled. After the heart was picked up, many lateral branches emerged again and they turned round. Branches grow to a certain height, and then topping. Sprouting a secondary branch.
Peeling buds: The buds grow to a certain degree, and the buds are removed to prevent the flowers from wasting too much nutrients. At the same time, the adventitious buds are erased. In order to maintain the beauty of the tree, the tree vigor should be increased, the shoots should be renewed, and the ventilation conditions should be adjusted. Weak branches, diseased branches, dead branches, cross branches, overlapping branches, over dense branches, and legged branches should be Cut off at the base. Older plants should be pruned and rejuvenated. Before the buds sprout in early spring, the branches should be cut to the upper part by about 30cm. Can not be cut once, in stages, each cut 1/3-1/5, cut short, 3-5 years to complete. This does not affect the appreciation of flowers, careful management after pruning, fertilization, can maintain long-term plant growth is not bad.
Key points about cultivation techniques of azaleas
1. Soil selection for site selection should be warm and humid, less light, cool climate, fertile soil, humus-rich acid soil, pH below 7 or neutral pH between 5-6. , Drainage and well-ventilated soil.