High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Kidney Bean in Summer and Autumn

Kidney beans are thermophilic heat-resistant vegetables, and the optimum temperature for plant growth is 20-30°C. As the summer and autumn cultivation, when flowering and scab are in high temperature season, the temperature often exceeds 30°C, which adversely affects the growth of cowpea and affects the yield and quality. In order to improve the production quality and yield of cowpea, it can be achieved through appropriate cultivation measures. The specific methods are as follows:
First, select the appropriate varieties of cowpea summer and autumn cultivation generally use heat, fast growth and resistance to the old land early and mid-maturing varieties is appropriate, such as Ningjing 3, Yang-e-40, Yandai and other.
Second, do earthworms in soil preparation, and apply sufficient basal fertilizer to select deep, fertile, soft, drained, well-ventilated sandy loam or loam, and the former hoe is preferably a field where no beans have been planted. Apply 4000-5000 kg of organic fertilizer, 30-40 kg of superphosphate, 60-70 kg of grass ash or 20-30 kg of potassium sulfate per acre, deepen and stir evenly, and make it 2 meters wide and wide by 40 centimeters.
Third, timely sowing, rational close planting to fill the shortage of vegetables in the off-season from August to September, can be arranged in late June to early July sowing, sowing density by big line 80 cm, small line 40 cm, spacing 23-25 ​​cm, per acre Ensure that around 4,000 holes, sowing 2-3 seeds per hole. Before sowing, the soil should be dry, and the bottom water should be fully irrigated to facilitate seed germination. After sowing, except for loose soil, cover with a layer of chaff or straw, which can cool and moisturize, and can prevent heavy rain from hitting and covering the soil, hindering the emergence of seeds or causing bad seeds.
Fourth, field management in the seedling stage should be often shallow cultivator, in order to maintain the permeability of the soil, dilute waste water, keep the soil moist. Covering the rows with chaff or straw can cool and moisturize and inhibit weed growth. Due to high temperatures in summer, stems and leaves grow faster, and attention should be paid to the timely introduction of vines (herringbone). In order to control the growth of stems and leaves too fast and reduce nutrient consumption, it can be used in the early stage of cowpea flowering and scab, with 2-18% of salicylic acid, 16-18 ml of mu, spraying 50 kg of water, which can effectively control steep growth and increase yield. In addition, timely pruning of cowpea can effectively regulate vegetative growth and promote flowering and scarring. The specific methods are:
1, the base of buds. The side buds of the following nodes in the first inflorescence of the main vine were all wiped off to promote early flowering and scarring.
2, ran waist snoring. Inflorescences below the first inflorescence, most of them have flower buds and leaf buds. Generally, the flower buds are hypertrophied, the temporal lobes are roughened and the two buds are combined. The leaf buds are thin and pointed, like a torch, and the temporal lobe is smooth. The young leaf buds on the hybrid nodes are removed to promote flower bud growth. After the lateral vines grow, they can also leave 1-2 leaves to pick their hearts and use the first section of lateral vines to form flower buds.
3, hit the group tip. During the middle and late stages of plant growth, the side vines of the main vines should be picked up early. If there is sufficient fertilizer and water, and the plants grow vigorously, these side vines should not be overly heavy and can use side vine pods.
4, the main vine topping. When the main vine grows at a length of 2-2.3 meters, it promotes the formation of subfloral buds on each inflorescence, which is also conducive to harvesting pods.
5, pest control. Bean bean pests mainly include aphids and bean pods. They can be used to control locusts at the seedling stage with a WP 3000 solution, and to control locust bean pods. Starting from the buds of pod beans, the spraying of larvae before leaf rolling is effective. . The main control agents are 50% killing emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times or 20% cypermethrin 3000-4000 times, or 2.5% kungfu emulsifiable concentrate 3000-4000 times, spraying once every 7-10 days, even spraying 2-3 times . The diseases of cowpea include coal-mildew and rust. In the early stage of disease prevention and control, spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 600 times, or 70% mancozeb 400-500 times, spray once every 7-10 days, even spray 2 - 3 times. Prevent rust, available 15% triadimefon 1000 times, spray every 6-7 days, even spray 2-3 times.
6, watering fertilizer, timely harvest. When the plants enter the flowering stage, there is a large demand for fertilizer and water. Generally, the water is poured once every 3-5 days, and once after every 1-2 times of water, topdressing human fecal urine is used as the top dressing. Apply superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea to keep the plants robust and stable. When the kidney beans are full and the seeds are just exposed, they are harvested. At this time, the meat is rich, crisp, less fiber, and good quality. When harvesting, the base of the pods should be pinched, gently twisted to the left and right, and then taken off or snapped off at the base of the bean pods 1 cm away, taking care not to damage other flower buds, and not even other inflorescences.

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