Hard filler seal

A sealing filler made of metal, graphite, filled with tetrafluoroethylene or the like is called a hard filler seal. It has higher heat resistance, pressure resistance and high speed performance than soft packing seals, and is widely used for reciprocating sealing and rotary sealing of compressors, piston pumps and other equipment. In order to compensate for wear and to accommodate shaft runout, hard-filled seals are typically constructed in a split, open or lip configuration.
The hard-filled seal is attached to the piston rod or packing box by means of the pressure difference between the coil spring or the gas to obtain a self-tight seal. Generally, different types of sealing rings are selected according to the gas pressure difference, the gas property, the sealing requirements, the machine structure, and the habit of use.
3.1 Split-type hard packing seal
3.1.1 Low-pressure three-valve seals Figure 29.6-8 shows the construction and assembly of a low-pressure three-valve seal. The sealing ring is formed by splicing three one-way oblique arc blocks, which are pressed on the piston rod by a coil spring installed on the outer circumference. Each group has two sealing rings, which are staggered and fixed with cylindrical pins to prevent walking. According to the working conditions of the sealing device, many can be composed of eight groups. Since the sealing ring is in the form of a one-way oblique port, the unit pressure of the piston rod is not uniform, and the unit pressure of the acute angle is large, so the wear is also large during operation. After the seal ring wears, there is inevitably a gap at the adjacent two-valve interface, which cannot prevent gas leakage. Therefore, the low-pressure single-inclined three-valve seal is only suitable for working conditions with a pressure difference of 1.0 MPa or less. It is a standardized seal.
The main dimensions and machining accuracy of the three-lobe oblique seal are shown in Tables 29.6-42.
Table 29.6-42 Main dimensions and machining accuracy of three-lobed oblique seals (mm)
d B
D
D 0
Spring selection
Nominal size
tolerance
Nominal size
tolerance
25
+0.023
7
-0.015
-0.055
40
46
0.5×3.5×100
30
45
52
0.5×3.5×100
35
+0.027
50
60
0.5×3.5×111
40
55
70
0.5×3.5×123
45
8
60
78
0.5×3.5×136
50
70
87
0.8×4.8×195
55
+0.030
75
98
0.8×4.8×208
60
80
105
0.8×4.8×223
65
85
112
0.8×4.8×236
70
90
120
0.8×4.8×249
80
105
140
0.8×4.8×289

Figure 29.6-8 Low-pressure three-lobed oblique seal
1—cylinder pin; 2—cylon pin hole; 3—spring
3.1.2 Medium pressure three and six valve seals
When the pressure is between 1 and 10 MPa, the three- and six-valve seals shown in Figure 29.6-9 are used. Each set of seals in the sealing device is composed of two sealing rings, one sealing ring on the high pressure side is a three-petal type, and the other sealing ring on the low pressure side is a six-petal type. The interfaces are staggered and fixed to each other by pins, each of which is clamped to the piston rod by a spring ring. Each sealing ring retains about 1.5 to 2 mm in the radial gap during assembly to compensate for the wear of the sealing ring. The radial gap of the inner three lobes of the six-valve seal is blocked in the axial direction by the end face of the three-ring seal, and is sealed in the radial direction by the outer three lobes.
The main dimensions and machining accuracy of the three- and six-valve seals are shown in Figure 29.6-10 and Tables 29.6-43.
Split-valve flat packing seals, in addition to the above two standard types, there are several non-standard types, see Table 29.6-44.

Figure 29.6-9 Medium-pressure three- and six-valve sealing device
a) six-petal; b) three-petal
1—cylinder pin; 2—cylon pin hole; 3—spring

Figure 29.6-10 Three- and six-valve seal parts
a) Three-petal; b) Six-petal watch 29.6-43 Three- and six-valve seal size and machining accuracy (mm)
d
D
B
?
Spring selection
Nominal size
tolerance
Nominal size
tolerance
25
+0.023
50
7
-0.015
-0.055
1.5
0.5×3.5×123
30
55
0.5×3.5×123
35
+0.027
60
0.5×3.5×126
40
65
0.5×3.5×147
45
70
8
0.8×4.8×195
50
75
0.8×4.8×208
55
+0.030
80
0.8×4.8×223
60
90
0.8×4.8×249
65
95
0.8×4.8×266
70
100
0.8×4.8×289
80
110
0.8×4.8×307
90
+0.035
120
9
2
1×5.5×335
100
130
1×5.5×364
110
140
1×5.5×394
120
150
1×5.5×420
130
+0.040
160
1×5.5×449
d
D
B
?
d 1
Spring selection
Nominal size
tolerance
Nominal size
tolerance
Nominal size
tolerance
25
+0.023
50
7
-0.015
-0.055
1.5
3
+0.02
0.5×3.5×123
30
50
0.5×3.5×123
35
+0.027
60
0.5×3.5×133
40
65
0.5×3.5×147
45
70
8
4
+0.029
0.8×4.8×195
50
75
0.8×4.8×208
55
+0.030
80
0.8×4.8×223
60
90
0.8×4.8×249
65
95
0.8×4.8×266
70
100
0.8×4.8×289
80
110
0.8×4.8×307
90
+0.035
120
9
2
1×5.5×335
100
130
1×5.5×364
110
140
1×5.5×392
120
150
1×5.5×420
130
+0.040
160
1×5.5×449
Table 29.6-44 Non-standard split-valve flat seals
name
structure diagram
Description
Wedge ring
The cutting arrangement is reasonable, the gap is small, the tightness is good, and the leakage is only equivalent to 1/2 of the standard type.
Wedge ring
Better than the strength of the cut-off opening, suitable for graphite seals
Shoulder seal
The use of the oblique shoulder causes the tightening spring to generate an axial component: the structure is simplified, and the 榫 structure blocks the leakage passage, requiring only one turn per stage, and the size between the shafts is small. However, it is easy to break, the joint surface is inconvenient to grind, and the main graphite seal is manufactured.

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