Bead onion high yield technology cultivation technology

First, biological characteristics

Beads and onions are said to be onion, a perennial herb of the family Liliaceae. Bulbs are larger and spherical, onion skin purple, dark purple, red three.

(I) Birth cycle

The spring period of the spring onion of bead and onion is 90-100 days, and it has experienced 5 periods, the germination period seedling period, the scale bud differentiation period, the bulb expansion period and the dormancy period.

1. In the bud stage: From the start of planting to the emergence of the seedlings, the first true leaf is unfolded for the budding stage. The number of days of experience varies with temperature and generally takes 7-12 days.

2. Seedling stage: From the primary leaves to flower buds and scale buds, they began to differentiate. The spring planting lasted for about 25 days. During this period, the root system continued to grow and expand. The new leaves continued to differentiate and accumulate nutrients.

3, scale differentiation period: from the beginning to the end of the scale bud differentiation to use 10-15 days. The main focus is on leaf growth. At the same time scale buds formed at the inner leaf blade.

4, bulb expansion: from the end of bulb differentiation to the bulb harvest, which lasted 50-60 days. During this period, the nutrition in the leaf is quickly transported to the scale buds, and the bulb expands rapidly.

5, dormancy period: bulbs mature into natural dormancy after harvest, generally more than 60 days.

(II) Requirements for environmental conditions

1. Beads, onion and warm, can germinate at 3-5°C, the optimum temperature for stem and leaf growth is 12-16°C, bulb temperature is 15-20°C, if the temperature is longer than 26°C, bulbs are longer. It will stop growing.

2. Beads are not strict with the soil, but it is better to use loam rich in organic matter.

二、 Beads onion cultivation technology

1. Site preparation: Autumn fall, autumn sorghum, autumn squat, autumn fertilization, reaching the virtual reality under the soil, leveling and smashing.

2, planting requirements: planting diameter of 0.8-1.5cm, must be frozen and dormant bead onion for planting.

3, planting time: When the temperature is stable through 3 °C, soil defrosting 5cm, that is, April 5 - April 15.

4. Planting methods: All of them were planted on artificial planting trees, plant spacing 8cm8cm3 rows, planting amount 150kg/mu, and 30,000 planting seedlings per mu.

5, field management: the entire growth period to achieve three shovels three or after the seedlings after sowing, spraying closed herb once, with 50% acetochlor mu dosage of 3 ml, so that two shovel three.

6. Harvest: Beads grow to July and early August, when the onion leaves turn yellow before the pipe is the best harvest. The use of artificial start, laying on the drying platform drying 3-5 days at the beginning of cutting leaves.

Third, the requirements and types of varieties

Bead onion is very sensitive to the length of sunshine, according to the adaptability of the length of sunshine divided into different types. Altitude and other climate also have a great influence on the performance of bead onion. If the species is not selected correctly, it can cause convulsions, rough stems or yields to become low. For this reason, it is very important to test the species first. Through years of research on bead-bred breeding, the Netherlands has successfully cultivated a variety of bead-on-sown varieties for seed propagation. Compared with traditional asexual seed breeding, seed propagation can be protected from virus diseases, and plants are more robust and have higher growth. Using seeds to grow beaded onion makes the product more standard and storage quality higher.

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